Saturday 23 April 2016

By Patric Lurk


Iraq, a triangle of mountains, desert, and fertile river valley, is bounded on the east by Iran, on the north by Turkey, on the west by Syria and Jordan, and on the south by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. It is twice the size of Idaho. The country has arid desert land west of the Euphrates, a broad central valley between the Euphrates and the Tigris, and mountains in the northeast.

The civilized life that emerged at Sumer was shaped by two conflicting factors: the unpredictability of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which at any time could unleash devastating floods that wiped out entire peoples, and the extreme richness of the river valleys, caused by centuries-old deposits of soil.

Iraq has a long history. In 4700 BC, there was slavery in the city-state. Established in 2000 BC, Babylon was one of the four ancient civilizations. Since 550 BC, it has been successively invaded and dominated by the Persians, the Arab Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. In 1920, Iraq became a British "Mandate area." In August 1921, Iraq declared independence, and established the Kingdom of Iraq. Iraq achieved full independence in 1952. On July 14, 1958, the Sal dynasty was overthrown, establishing the Republic of Iraq.

The Iraqi banner was received on July 31, 1963, however, it was somewhat changed on Jan. 13, 1991. The takbir in Arabic script was added to the 1963 banner amid the Gulf War on January 13, 1991. Iraq's banner has had four distinct plans subsequent to the formation of Iraq in 1921. The Iraqi banner depends on the Arab Liberation Flag, presented by Egyptian armed force officers included in the 1952.

The flag of Iraq consists of three equal sized horizontal stripes - the top stripe is red; the middle one white; and the bottom stripe is black the takbir. The phrase 'God is Great' is written in green and is placed horizontally on the white stripe. There are also three green stars in the stripe.

Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great") in green Arabic script is centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white); the Council of Representatives approved this flag in 2008 as a compromise temporary replacement for the Ba'athist Saddam-era flag. The Flag Company Inc specialized in flag designs offered a special edition of decals and flags to memorize the history of Iraq Flag for the future.




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